Head Protection

EN 397:2025 Standards and Helmet Types

The 2025 revision of EN 397 introduced a critical distinction: Type 1 helmets for ground-level work and Type 2 for working at height. Type 2 helmets include lateral deformation protection – essential when a fall could cause side impact. All helmets must pass shock absorption (vertical impact), penetration resistance (sharp objects), and flame resistance tests. Chin straps release between 150-250N to prevent neck injury during a fall.

Optional performance ratings extend protection: very low temperatures (-20°C or -30°C), very high temperatures (+150°C), electrical insulation (440V AC), and molten metal resistance. These aren't universal – verify which optional ratings apply on each product listing.

Key Selection Criteria

Match the helmet to the hazard. Construction sites with overhead work need Type 2 helmets rated for impact and penetration. Warehouses with low ceilings suit bump caps – lighter, more comfortable, but not rated for falling objects. Foundries and welding environments require molten metal resistance; electrical work demands 440V insulation.

Common mistake: assuming all hard hats offer the same protection. A bump cap protects against bumps and scrapes, not falling tools. If there's any risk of objects dropped from height, you need full EN 397 certification. Weight matters for all-day wear – modern helmets use polyethylene to balance protection and comfort.

Accessories and System Certification

Helmets tested alone don't guarantee safety when you add ear defenders, visors, or helmet-mounted lights. EN 397:2025 requires accessories to be tested as complete systems with the base helmet. Aftermarket add-ons can void certification if not approved by the manufacturer. Check compatibility before combining components – the helmet and accessory must be certified together to maintain CE marking under EU Regulation 2016/425.

Replacement and Inspection

Replace any helmet after significant impact, even if damage isn't visible – the shell may have microfractures that compromise protection. Inspect regularly for cracks, chips, and UV degradation (fading, brittleness). Store helmets away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures when not in use; heat accelerates material breakdown. Adjustable headbands and straps allow shared use across teams, but clean with disinfectant between wearers to maintain hygiene. HSE data shows 'struck by moving object' as the third leading cause of workplace fatalities in the UK – proper head protection is non-negotiable.